Kingdom of Colchis
First mention of the Kingdom of Colchis, the earliest Georgian formation. Colchis was located in modern day Western Georgia.
Kingdom of Iberia
First mention of the Kingdom of Iberia. Iberia was located in modern day Eastern Georgia.
Roman Conquest
The Roman Empire completes a brief conquest of Colchis and Iberia.
Persian Conquest
Iberia is conquered and incorporated into the Persian Empire.
Principate of Iberia
Guaram I of Iberia, backed by the Byzantine Empire, establishes the Principate of Iberia.
Easy Prey
Georgian kingdoms disintegrate into various feudal regions making them easy prey for Muslim conquests.
Gains
Regional gains made against the Arabs.
King of Abkhazia
Leon II was crowned as the King of Abkhazia, a region in modern day Western Gerogia.
Principate of Iberia
Ashot I restored the Principate of Iberia with support from the Byzantine Empire. Despite the return of the Iberian monarchy, much of Georgia's lands is still divided among rivals, with Tbilisi remaining in Arab hands.
Abkhazia and the Eastern States
After a period of unrest, revolts, and civil wars, Abkhazia and the eastern Georgian states are unified under King Bagrat III.
King of Abkhazia
Bagrat III becomes King of Abkhazia.
King of the Iberians
After conquering Iberia, Bagrat installs his father Gurgen as King of the Iberians.
Kingdom of Georgia
Following Gurgen's death, Bagrat III becomes 'King of the Iberians', thus becoming the first King of a unified realm of Abkhazia and Iberia, known henceforth as the Kingdom of Georgia.
Turkic Invasions
The Turks invade, conquer and occupy Georgian territories.
Kingdom of Georgia and the Georgian Renaissance
After 33 years of successfully fighting and recovering territory from the Turks, King David IV liberates Tbilisi, the last Muslim enclave remaining under occupation. The Kingdom of Georgia reaches its zenith during this period, which lasted for a century, described by some as the Georgian Renaissance. This renaissance proceeded the European renaissance, characterized by military victories, territorial expansion, and flourishing of architecture, literature, philosophy and the sciences.
Mongol Invasion
The Mongols begin invading and conquer large regions of Georgia.
Mongol Demise
George V of Georgia, the last great king a unified Georgia, recovered almost all territory taken by the Mongols.
Division
Following the death of George V, local rulers fight for independence from central Georgian rule.
Timur
Timur, a Turco-Mongol Persianate, began conquering vast regions of Georgia.
Turkoman Invasion
Following Timur's death, Gerogia is invaded by waves of Turkomans filling the vacuum.
Collapse
As a result of foreign and internal struggles the unified Kingdom of Georgia collapses and fragmentes into three independent kingdoms and five semi-independent principalities.
Subjugation and Exploitation
The neighbouring Persian and Ottoman Empires subjugate and exploit internal division of a weakened Georgia and conquer and occupy most Georgian territories.
King of Georgia
Heraclius II becomes king of a unified Georgia for the first time in three centuries. Overwhelmed by the internal and external menaces to Georgia's precarious independence and its temporary hegemony he searches for a reliable protector who would guarantee Georgia's survival.
Treaty of Georgievsk
King Heraclius signs the Treaty of Georgievsk, transforming Georgia into a Russian protectorate.
Persian Invasion
Georgia is devastated by a Persian invasion with no Russian help.
Annexation
The Russian Empire formally annexes Georgia.
Recovery of Georgian Territories
Under Russian rule, almost all Georgian territories are recovered from the Persian and Ottoman Empires.
Birth of Stalin
The birth of Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili in Gori, who would later become known as Joseph Stalin.
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
Following the Russian Revolution, the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic is established which consisted of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan.
Independence
Following the collapse of the Russian Empire, Gerogia declares independence.
Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
The Red Army of Russia invades Georgia and brings the local Bolsheviks to power (of whom Stalin was a leader). Resultingly, Georgia is incorporated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, alongside Armenia and Azerbaijan.
Founding of the USSR
The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic becomes a founding member of the Soviet Union.
Stalin's Rise to Power
Stalin becomes leader of the Soviet Union.
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic is dissolved and Georgia becomes a union republic: the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic.
Independent Georgia
Georgia declares independence shortly before the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Abkhazia and South Ossetia
Backed by Russia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia achieve de facto independence from Georgia. They have been disputed territories since.
Russo–Georgian War
A five day war between Russia and Georgia which saw the expulsion of ethnic Georgians from South Ossetia and the Kodori Gorge, recognition of South Ossetia and Abkhazia by Russia, and Russian military bases established in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The war resulting in hundreds of casualties and displaced 192,000-230,000 people.
Georgia Today
Georgia offers stunning nature and is steeped in history. Gerogia is becoming an increasing popular tourist destination, with over 8 million visitors in 2018.
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